Boxy windows puncture grey brick walls at this Paris development by French architect Michel Guthmann, containing 57 social housing apartments, a hostel and a cinema (+ slideshow).
Located on part of a former hospital site in Paris' 15th arrondissement, the Boucicaut housing was designed by Michel Guthmann to respond to the varied scale and style of its surroundings.
"The urban project proposes a rigorous organisation of blocks arranged together in a series of steady colours and natural materials, all falling within a sort of historic continuity that preserves the original residential character," said the architect.
The eight-storey building features a U-shaped plan that opens out towards Rue des Cevennes to the south, helping natural light to penetrate its interior. At ground level, this space creates an entrance to residential units and also provides a cut through for pedestrians.
"The whole of the ground floor is raised above street level to protect it from any risk of flooding," explained Guthmann. "The very gentle slope of the pedestrian walkway leading to the foyers makes it easy to overcome this change of level."
A large section of the ground floor is occupied by the Agence du Court Metrage – the short film agency of the French National Film Centre (CNC). This contains a 42-seat cinema, offices, conference facilities and a canteen.
The hostel sits on the opposite side of the structure. Targeted specifically towards migrant workers, this contains 49 studio apartments over seven storeys, as well as some communal areas.
The rest of the building is taken up by the social housing apartments. These are divided up into two sections, both with their own entrance, lobby, staircase and lift.
Apartments come in a variety of sizes to cater to both small and large families. Most have windows on at least two sides and those without a private balcony have access to a communal roof terrace facing out towards the distant Eiffel Tower.
Grey brickwork was used for all of the building's outer walls, but was finished differently depending on the orientation. While the south-east and south-west-facing elevations feature a textured surface that diffuses sunlight, the two north-facing walls have a polished finish.
Windows are surrounded by protruding aluminium frames, contrasting with the larch shutters that fold back and forth across the glass.
"The project clearly belongs to the Boucicaut district, seeking to strengthen its special architectural character," added Guthmann. "The choice of materials and colours, the rhythm of openings in the facades and the relations the housing maintains with the exterior and the nature of the public spaces have always been planned with this in mind."
The building forms part of a wider masterplan for the redevelopment of the old hospital site, drawn up by French architect Paul Chemetov.
Here's a project description from Michel Guthmann:
ZAC Boucicaut – Lot C
Problems and challenges
The site of the former Hopital Boucicaut (Boucicaut Hospital) in Paris's 15th arrondissement is an unusual enclave within a district that is otherwise quite diverse. The hospital formed a uniform block in terms of use, organisation and architecture. The urban development project proposed by the sector's town planner Paul Chemetov, maintains this notion of an internal uniformity, in contrast with the immediate surroundings. Very different styles of architecture exist in the district surrounding the sector, mainly dating from the 19th and 20th centuries. By contrast, the urban project proposes a rigorous organisation of blocks arranged together in a series of steady colours (no white concrete and a preference for terracotta) and natural materials, all falling within a sort of historic continuity that preserves the original residential character.
The project clearly belongs to the Boucicaut district, seeking to strengthen its special architectural character. The choice of materials and colours, the rhythm of openings in the facades, the relations the housing maintains with the exterior and the nature of the public spaces, have always been planned with this in mind.
General layout
The programme proposed by the Regie Immobiliere de la Ville de Paris (RIVP) comprises three very distinct entities. On the ground floor, the Agence du Court Metrage (Short Film Agency), an offshoot of the Centre National de la Cinematographie (CNC - National Film Centre); 49 studio apartments for migrant workers; and 57 units of social housing. The whole represents a space of approximately 6,500 square metres. The three programmes are laid out within the U-shaped building facing the south side of Rue des Cevennes, set on the basement that contains the Agence du Court Metrage. The Rue des Cevennes is narrow and lined on its southern pavement by a building of seven floors which screens the sun throughout the day: it places all the facades opposite in the shade for most of the year. The courtyard opened in the middle of the U-shape makes the sun and the light penetrate the heart of the building as far as possible.
The apartments for migrant workers have their own independent entrance easily seen from the street; its functioning does not interfere in any way with the other programmes. A passageway runs through the block, linking the Rue des Cevennes and the future pedestrian walkway. This passage provides access to the lobbies of the accommodation, which are arranged around two stairwells. The Agence du Court Metrage and its small cinema (42 seats) are located as a separate unit on the building's ground floor, with independent access from the corner of Rue des Cevennes and Rue Lacordaire. Highly visible and identifiable, despite being completely integrated into the whole structure, it functions independently of the rest of the operation.
The whole of the ground floor is raised above street level to protect it from any risk of flooding. The lobbies of the housing are thus approximately 50 centimetres above the level of the street. The very gentle slope of the pedestrian walkway leading to the foyers (approximately 2%) makes it easy to overcome this change of level.
Family housing
Access to the social housing is from the pedestrian walkway at the centre of the unit. This is a private passage, with gates at either end controlling access.
The rising slope from Rue des Cevennes leads gently towards the two lobbies, laid out opposite one to each other. On the upper floors, the layout is compact and rational. The apartments are arranged around the two stairwells: one provides access to 34 apartments, the other 23, for a total of 57 apartments on six floors. The great majority of these apartments face different directions (double orientation on facades opposite, corner apartments, overlooking patios). Each floor offers a wide variety of apartments to encourage a social and inter-generational mix (large and small families). The apartments are generally single-storey, except four five-room apartments arranged as duplex, which also benefit from a private terrace on the upper floor of the apartment. The landings on each floor all benefit from natural lighting.
There are only six apartments with a private terrace. The others have access to the terrace on the fifth floor laid out as a hanging garden. This terrace can be easily reached by all the tenants and is directly served by the two lifts in the two stairwells. The garden offers a sunny and planted green area, in which tenants can relax and socialise. The Eiffel Tower can be seen from the garden which offers a place where the pleasure of living together, in Paris, becomes real. A broad "beach" in wood faces the sun and offers a place in which to set out deck chairs and parasols. Small trees in pots are also planned. A fountain provides a refreshing sight on the terrace, where children can play with water.
All the rooms are fitted with large windows highlighting the link between indoors and outdoors. These windows include a broad wood and metal frame. The balustrade is 70 cm high instead of the usual 100 cm, thanks to an additional small glass balustrade. All the windows are fitted with wooden sliding and folding shutters which serve to block out the sun or close off the window. These shutters are made of natural larch from European sources. The external frame is aluminium, painted the same colour as the facade, which is a greyish-brown terracotta tone. The windows are extra-large in the living rooms highlighting the comfort and pleasure of being at home.
The building appears as a block cut in a uniform manner, criss-crossed in every direction by the window-frames. However, in order to satisfy the architect/urban planner's desire to differentiate the facades according to the direction they face, the surface of the walls is smoother, darker and glossy on walls facing north-east and north-west, and rough, light and matt on walls facing south-east and south-west, which are turned towards the sun. The position of the window in its thick frame, together with the presence and position of the sun-shading shutters also make it possible to differentiate the facades. On the corner of Rue Lacordaire and Rue des Cevennes, the stack of very large corner windows and a special treatment of the skyline in the upper volume creates a special architectural feature which, emphasises this corner.
Hostel for migrant workers
The hostel for migrant workers is compact and rational, technically simple and economical. It consists of a vertical building of seven floors, completely independent of the rest of the structure. Each floor has seven studios, comprising a series of small spaces encouraging a calm cohabitation between tenants.
Each studio has a large window of the sort used for the social housing: thick frame, low ledge, external sun-shading shutters. There is thus no appreciable difference in the architectural treatment of this unit, which will thus avoid any risk of stigmatisation despite a general layout that clearly separates the two programmes.
The community spaces on the ground floor are located beneath the lodgings along the garden, which is for the exclusive use of the hostel; it includes the existing fine cedar that has been preserved.
The Agence du Court Metrage (ACM)
The spaces of Agence du Court Metrage are arranged around a small cinema seating 42, which constitutes the living heart of the unit. A broad ring-shaped corridor around the cinema distributes the various other spaces, all offering plenty of natural light. The large conference room and canteen/cafeteria open on to the passageway cutting across the building. A subtle play of colours in the harmonies of white and greys, rounded off with a few touches of bright colour, create a comfortable and convivial working environment.
