Forensic Architecture founder Eyal Weizman has been prevented from entering the United States ahead of the opening of his studio's Miami exhibition that explores the "arbitrary logic of the border".
Weizman, who was made an MBE in the Queen's New Year Honours list earlier this year, sent a statement to Dezeen revealing that he was not able to attend the opening of the exhibition at Museum of Art and Design in Miami yesterday. The statement was read out at the event on his behalf by his wife Ines Weizman.
According to the statement, the British-Israeli architect was told at an interview at the US Embassy in London that his Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) visa waiver, which offers entry to the US for periods of up to 90 days for two years, had been retracted due to an alert triggered by an algorithm.
"The officer informed me that my authorisation to travel had been revoked because the 'algorithm' had identified a security threat," Weizman said.
"[The officer] said he did not know what had triggered the algorithm but suggested that it could be something I was involved in, people I am or was in contact with, places to which I had travelled (had I recently been in Syria, Iran, Iraq, Yemen, or Somalia or met their nationals?), hotels at which I stayed, or a certain pattern of relations among these things."
Incident highlights issues at borders
Wiezman is the founder of Forensic Architecture, a research group based at Goldsmiths University in London that uses architectural methods to investigate claims of human rights violations. It has carried out research for Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, Doctors without Borders and the United Nations as well as defending a human rights group accused of colluding with people smugglers.
He said the incident was an example of the issues of borders that his studio is aiming to highlight with its exhibition, which is called Forensic Architecture: True to Scale.
"This incident exemplifies – albeit in a far less intense manner and at a much less drastic scale – critical aspects of the 'arbitrary logic of the border'; that our exhibition seeks to expose," explained Wiezman.
"We are being electronically monitored for a set of connections – the network of associations, people, places, calls, and transactions – that make up our lives," he added.
"Such network analysis poses many problems, some of which are well known. Working in human rights means being in contact with vulnerable communities, activists and experts, and being entrusted with sensitive information."
"These networks are the lifeline of any investigative work," he continued. "I am alarmed that relations among our colleagues, stakeholders, and staff are being targeted by the US government as security threats."
According to his statement, Wiezman was asked to provide names of people in his network that might have triggered the alert in order to speed up a visa application, but he refused.
"I was asked to supply the Embassy with additional information, including fifteen years of travel history, in particular where I had gone and who had paid for it," he said.
"The officer said that Homeland Security's investigators could assess my case more promptly if I supplied the names of anyone in my network whom I believed might have triggered the algorithm. I declined to provide this information."
Forensic Architecture launches investigation into Florida detention centre
The Forensic Architecture: True to Scale exhibition marks the research group's first large-scale showcase in the US and includes investigations into a CIA drone strike in Pakistan, Israeli bombing of Rafah in Gaza and the Chicago police's killing of African American barber Harith Augustus.
The exhibit will be accompanied by a programme of events that will include a panel discussion on the architecture of borders.
Wiezman said that he was set to also use the opening of the exhibit to announce a new investigation into human rights violations against migrant children held at a detention centre in Homestead, Florida.
Forensic Architecture's other projects have explored allegations of links between human rights organisations and human traffickers, ethnic cleansing of the Yazidi people by ISIS in Iraq and the fatal Grenfell Tower fire in London.
Read Eyal Weizman's statement in full below:
Homeland Security "algorithm" prevents me from joining you today
Today (19 February) I was meant to be here with you at the Museum of Art and Design in Miami to open Forensic Architecture's first major survey exhibition in the United States, True to Scale.
But on Wednesday, 12 February, two days before my scheduled flight to the US, I was informed in an email from the US Embassy that my visa-waiver (ESTA) had been revoked and that I was not authorised to travel to the United States. The revocation notice stated no reason and the situation gave me no opportunity to appeal or to arrange for an alternative visa that would allow me to be here.
It was also a family trip. My wife, professor Ines Weizman, who was scheduled to give talks in the US herself, and our two children traveled a day before I was supposed to go. They were stopped at JFK airport in New York where Ines was separated from our children and interrogated by immigration officials for two and a half hours before being allowed entry.
The following day I went to the US Embassy in London to apply for a visa. In my interview the officer informed me that my authorization to travel had been revoked because the "algorithm" had identified a security threat. He said he did not know what had triggered the algorithm but suggested that it could be something I was involved in, people I am or was in contact with, places to which I had traveled (had I recently been in Syria, Iran, Iraq, Yemen, or Somalia or met their nationals?), hotels at which I stayed, or a certain pattern of relations among these things. I was asked to supply the Embassy with additional information, including fifteen years of travel history, in particular where I had gone and who had paid for it. The officer said that Homeland Security's investigators could assess my case more promptly if I supplied the names of anyone in my network whom I believed might have triggered the algorithm. I declined to provide this information.
This much we know: we are being electronically monitored for a set of connections – the network of associations, people, places, calls, and transactions – that make up our lives. Such network analysis poses many problems, some of which are well known. Working in human rights means being in contact with vulnerable communities, activists and experts, and being entrusted with sensitive information. These networks are the lifeline of any investigative work. I am alarmed that relations among our colleagues, stakeholders, and staff are being targeted by the US government as security threats.
This incident exemplifies – albeit in a far less intense manner and at a much less drastic scale – critical aspects of the "arbitrary logic of the border" that our exhibition seeks to expose. The racialized violations of the rights of migrants at the US southern border are of course much more serious and brutal than the procedural difficulties a UK national may experience, and these migrants have very limited avenues for accountability when contesting the violence of the US border.
As I would have announced in today's lecture, this exhibition is an occasion to launch a joint investigation with local groups into human rights violations in the Homestead detention center in Florida, not far from here, where migrant children have been held in what activists describe as "regimented, austere and inhumane conditions".
In our practice, exhibitions are treated as alternative forums for accountability, ways of informing the public about serious human rights violations. Importantly, they are also opportunities to share with local activists and community groups the methods and techniques we have assembled over years of work in the field.
To that effect, this exhibition includes an investigation into a CIA drone strike in Pakistan that was presented by a UN Special Rapporteur in the General Assembly; an analysis of the Chicago police killing of a barber that lead to an investigation by the mayor and the city's police department; and an inquiry into the Israeli bombing of Rafah in Gaza that informed the International Criminal Court's recent decision to open an investigation into the possibility of Israeli war crimes in occupied Palestine—all alongside other investigations we have conducted with communities and human rights collaborators in Germany, Venezuela, the Mediterranean, and Syria.
These works seek to demonstrate that we can invert the forensic gaze and turn it against the actors – police, militaries, secret services, border agencies – that usually seek to monopolise information. But in employing the counter-forensic gaze one is also exposed to higher level monitoring by the very state agencies investigated.
I would like to thank all those who showed enormous commitment to make this exhibition possible, especially Sophie Landres, Francisco Canestri, Gladys Hernando, Nicole Martinez and Rina Carvajal from MOAD, members of Forensic Architecture here and there, friends who helped through this process, Ines for reading this statement, and you all for coming.
Mostly though I would like to thank our partner communities who continue to resist violent state and corporate practices and who are increasingly exposed to the regime of "security algorithms" – a form of governance that aims to map, monitor, and – all too often – police their movements and their struggles for safety and justice.