Too many office-building lobbies are being turned into soulless spaces with the same Apple Store aesthetic, writes Anthony Paletta.
Lobbies are all too easily lost lately. Roche-Dinkeloo's postmodern 60 Wall Street atrium in New York is gone. Helmut Jahn's Thompson Center atrium in Chicago will survive, but sheared of its harlequin colours to become a dutifully drab space for Google.
Even more esteemed spaces are at routine risk: the exuberant mint art deco lobby of Raymond Hill's 1931 McGraw Hill building was carted off in 2021. Noguchi ceiling and wall installations were removed from 660 5th Avenue in 2020. The replacements are as monotonous as Netflix suggestions.
Buildings will look real from the sidewalk but AI-generated once you go inside
These egregious examples make the news; many others don't. I wander into office lobbies wherever I go and it is a habit that delivers no end of disappointment. The recurrent trouble is the sheer number of buildings that look like 1930 or 1960 or 1980 outside and then look like 2020 inside.
Vague nods to the exterior style of the buildings can sometimes be found, but often even that minimal bar isn't cleared. It is frequently an uncanny experience – buildings will look real from the sidewalk but AI-generated once you go inside.
This is partly a preservation problem; interior landmarking designations are bestowed far more parsimoniously than interior ones, in New York at least. Existing protections for the facades of McGraw Hill and 60 Wall Street were no help for their interiors.
Not every lobby deserves the force of law to keep itself intact. Lobbies can – and do – benefit from refreshes.
Some shifts by ownership about how these spaces should work are welcome. It's good that they are decreasingly antechambers where you will be judged witheringly and more often social spaces with seating and amenities. This is welcome for everyone, especially flaneurs like myself who never have any actual business to contract inside.
The problem is that rarely do these makeovers merely add things – they tend to take out everything that isn't load-bearing. These spaces are constantly flayed down to their structural elements in the dubious thought that this will make them welcoming.
They tend to emerge with exactly the same etiolated Apple Store aesthetic
Does this result in a flowering of vibrant and varied new spaces? No. An overwhelming problem is that they tend to emerge with exactly the same etiolated Apple Store aesthetic. The palate is neutral, the accents are wood, and the results are overwhelmingly boring. This Invasion of the Lobby Snatchers keeps leaving us spaces for Airpod people.
The logic of commercial lobby design is the same now as ever; it's the one place in a large building that everyone is sure to see. Most will encounter only one or a few other floors. It is the place to make an impression. Unfortunately, nearly everyone seems to have settled on making exactly the same impression.
If you read professional advice on lobby design lately you encounter perennial buzzwords. "Timeless finishes" are uniformly encouraged, invariably, "a neutral palette that is inspired by nature hues". The trouble is that timeless almost always means right now, and that's soon as dated as whatever they're ripping out.
60 Wall Street's Egyptianate joys of marble tiles and granite-faced columns are gone, to be replaced by white surfaces, wooden accents, and a green wall. Promotional materials for the renovation say, "This isn't your dad's Wall Street." Maybe your father was right about some things.
Postmodernism has suffered particularly recently. Blue and salmon panels are out at the Thompson Center; red paint on the space frame is gone in renders. Fujikawa Johnson's CME Center in Chicago was renovated in 2019, with banded marble out and enormous windows, whites and greys in.
Yugene Cha, an associate principal at Krueck + Sexton who worked on this project, explained in an Architectural Digest interview: "It had this 9-to-5 formal office building feel, like you had to be wearing a suit and tie. It was a little bit overstated and imposing. The goal was to attract millennial talent to the offices, and they couldn't care less about that ideal." As we have seen in so many spheres lately, chasing the presumed taste of millennials results in TikTok-level trash.
The frustration is that these anonymous lobbies so often fail to achieve their own goal
The list goes on. Philip Johnson's Flemish-guildhall inspired atrium in the TC Energy Center in Houston was choked up with white mezzanines in 2018. The lobby of his Franklin Square in Washington DC was revamped in 2021. Limestone walls accented with black marble and red jasper and a coffered ceiling were out. White walls and enormous backlit glass panels were in. This is also called "timeless".
You'll find such examples virtually everywhere: Roche-Dinkeloo's 1993 Bank of America lobby in Atlanta, once an appealing postmodern space, is now full of garage-door-like wooden slats. Pei Cobb Freed's U.S. Bank Tower in Los Angeles once had terrazzo; now it has wood accents, a green wall, and a wooden floor.
You can avoid any association with Gordon Gecko and Patrick Bateman contrast collars and still face the knife. Ely Jacques Kahn's Garment Center lobby is white wood and glass. Carrere and Hastings' 1921 250 West 57th Street had a grand beaux-arts lobby not long ago; it now has a 76-foot video ceiling.
It doesn't have to be this way. SOM's renovation of their own Lever House last year was superb. Amenities can also be added seamlessly; coffee is now available in Allison and Rible's California Edison building in Los Angeles and it didn't require turning the lobby into a Starbucks.
Tasteful alterations that actually cohere with a building's aesthetic aren't impossible. MdeAS Architects' and Vocon Architects' renovation of Eero Saarinen's CBS building lobby last year is new and good. Norman Kelley found inspiration in Johnson's own work in buffing up his 190 South LaSalle Street lobby in Chicago. Pei Cobb Freed undid a faulty 1990s renovation of the lobby at Harrison and Abramovitz's 717 5th Avenue and left a Joseph Albers piece in a better situation than they found it.
The frustration is that these anonymous lobbies so often fail to achieve their own goal – they are the reverse of successful branding. If you go into The Guardian Building in Detroit or 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York or The Guaranty Building in Buffalo or any number of glorious spaces you'll never be uncertain as to where you are. Go into most recent lobby revamps and it'll be a strain to have any idea.
Anthony Paletta is an architecture journalist based in New York City. His writing has appeared in The Wall Street Journal, The Guardian, Bloomberg CityLab, The Architect's Newspaper and Metropolis, among others.
The photo is by Yann Maignan via Unsplash.
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